When a lookup returns the wrong number

This is a fictional teaching example, not a real client case or an automatically repaired Excel file. It illustrates the review steps for a small spreadsheet repair.

1. Check the source columns

Products!A: SKUB: Unit price (£)C: Stock units
SKU-A12.5070
SKU-B7.2045

All identifiers and numbers are invented for this example.

2. Identify the silent error

Order row 2 has SKU-A. The broken formula is =VLOOKUP(A2,Products!A2:C3,3,FALSE). It returns 70 (stock units) rather than the expected unit price 12.50, because column 3 was selected.

It can also drift if copied downward because the source range is relative.

3. Apply a scoped correction

Corrected example: =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A2,Products!$A$2:$C$3,2,FALSE),"REVIEW").

Order SKUExpected priceCheck
SKU-A£12.50Match, column 2
SKU-B£7.20Match, column 2
SKU-XREVIEWUnknown SKU, no invented value

IFERROR is appropriate here only after confirming that missing or invalid matches should be labelled REVIEW; other errors still need investigation. The exact formula must be checked against the customer's real workbook and Excel locale.

4. Acceptance checks before delivery

Confirm the intended return column with the owner, verify representative known keys, flag unknown and duplicate keys, preserve original workbook, and document each changed formula. External links, macros and financial-critical calculations need separate assessment.

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